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Laughter truly is the best medicine, especially for your brain! #LaughterTherapy #HappyBrain #FeelGoodVibes #BrainChemistry #BoostYourMood #LaughOutLoud #BrainHealth
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Managing Pediatric Movement Disorders: Medications and Deep Brain Stimulation
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Pediatric movement disorders, such as dystonia, can have a significant impact on a child's daily life. These disorders are characterized by sustained muscle contractions, resulting in twisting movements or abnormal postures. It is crucial to seek early diagnosis and treatment to improve the child's quality of life and prevent further complications. In this article, we will explore the various treatment approaches for pediatric movement disorders, including medications and deep brain stimulation. It is important to note that the treatment approach for pediatric movement disorders should be individualized and may involve a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professional psychologists, neurologists, physiatrists, and social workers. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are crucial to assess the child's progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Understanding Pediatric Movement Disorders

Pediatric movement disorders, like dystonia, can have various causes, including genetic syndromes, brain damage, and metabolic issues. These disorders can affect mobility, coordination, speech, swallowing, and even psychological well-being. It is important to recognize the potential impact of these disorders on a child's daily life and seek appropriate intervention.

Exploring Treatment Approaches for Pediatric Movement Disorders

The Pediatric Movement Disorders Center at NJPNI specializes in diagnosing and treating pediatric movement disorders. Their experienced team offers comprehensive care and support to children with dystonia. Treatment options for dystonia include both symptomatic and surgical approaches.  Symptomatic treatment approaches for pediatric movement disorders such as dystonia may include medication management and physical therapy. Medications such as muscle relaxants, anticholinergics, and dopamine agonists may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and improve motor control. Physical therapy, including exercises and stretching, can also be beneficial in improving muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination. Additionally, occupational therapy and speech therapy may be recommended to address any functional impairments related to the movement disorder. In some cases, surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be considered for children with severe and refractory dystonia. DBS involves the placement of electrodes in specific areas of the brain to help regulate abnormal electrical signals and improve motor function. The team at the Pediatric Movement Disorders Center at NJPNI will work closely with patients and their families to develop an individualized treatment plan based on their specific needs and goals.

  • Medication Strategies for Pediatric Movement Disorders

Symptomatic treatment options for dystonia include systemic or focal drug treatments. Medications such as anticholinergic, dopamine-blocking, depleting agents, baclofen, and benzodiazepines may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms. In cases of dopamine synthesis defects, L-dopa treatment can be effective. Additionally, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections can provide localized relief, and intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) through an implantable pump can help control disabling symptoms.

  • Deep Brain Stimulation: A Promising Intervention

For children with generalized dystonia, long-term electrical stimulation of the globus pallidum has shown effectiveness. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves the implantation of electrodes that deliver electrical impulses to specific brain areas involved in movement control. This surgical intervention can significantly improve dystonia symptoms and enhance the child's quality of life. The suitability of DBS as a treatment option depends on the specific case and severity of dystonia.

Supplementary Therapies for Enhancing Treatment:

In addition to medications and DBS, supplementary therapies can enhance the overall management of pediatric movement disorders. In addition to medications and deep brain stimulation, there are several other treatment approaches that can be used to manage pediatric movement disorders.  Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of pediatric movement disorders. Physical therapists are trained to assess a child's movement patterns and develop individualized treatment plans to improve their motor skills and muscle control. Through exercises and repetitive movements, physical therapy aims to enhance coordination, flexibility, and strength, ultimately improving the child's ability to perform daily activities. Occupational therapy is another essential treatment approach for pediatric movement disorders. Occupational therapists help children develop the skills necessary for everyday tasks, such as dressing, feeding, and writing. They focus on improving the child's fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and sensory integration, which can be affected by movement disorders. Speech therapy may also be beneficial for children with movement disorders that affect their ability to speak and communicate effectively. Speech therapists work with children to improve their speech production, language skills, and oral motor control. They may use techniques such as articulation exercises, breathing exercises, and language therapy to help the child overcome speech difficulties.

Recognizing the Right Time to Seek Medical Advice

Early detection of pediatric movement disorders is crucial for prompt intervention. Parents and caregivers should be aware of the potential signs and symptoms of these disorders and seek medical advice if they suspect any issues. Timely treatment can prevent further complications and improve the child's overall well-being.  Some common signs and symptoms of pediatric movement disorders include abnormal muscle tone, delayed motor milestones, involuntary movements, tremors, difficulty with coordination, and abnormal posture. If a child exhibits any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in pediatric movement disorders. They will be able to evaluate the child's symptoms, conduct any necessary tests or assessments, and provide appropriate treatment recommendations. It is crucial not to ignore or dismiss these symptoms, as early intervention can greatly improve the child's quality of life and long-term outcomes.

Conclusion

Pediatric movement disorders, such as dystonia, can have a significant impact on a child's daily life. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the symptoms can be managed effectively. The Pediatric Movement Disorders Center at NJPNI offers specialized care and support for children with movement disorders. Treatment approaches include medications, deep brain stimulation, and supplementary therapies. By recognizing the signs, seeking early medical advice, and exploring various treatment options, parents and caregivers can provide the best possible care for children with pediatric movement disorders.
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For nearly 15 years, NJPNI has been dedicated to providing exceptional care to over 22,000 patients. Thank you for trusting us with your health and well-being. Together, we are making a difference, one patient at a time! #CommunityCare #15YearsStrong #HealthcareHeroes #PatientFirst #MakingADifference #NJPNI #HealthcareMilestone #GratefulHeart
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Win A Free Gift Basket!
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Interested in applying for our summer giveaway? The steps are simple: click the link below, follow our social media handles, and leave a review! It is that simple!
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What are the available choices for Pediatric Hydrocephalus Treatment?
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Medically Reviewed by: Catherine A. Mazzola, MD, FAANS Pediatric Neurosurgeon
Updated On: 18 April 2025
Hydrocephalus is a serious neurological condition caused by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. For children, this can lead to increased brain pressure, which, if untreated, can affect cognitive, neurological and physical development. Addressing pediatric hydrocephalus early is essential to ensuring your child’s good health and well-being. In this guide, we’ll explore the types of pediatric hydrocephalus, available treatment options, and how the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute (NJPNI) provides expert care for patients with hydrocephalus.

What Is Pediatric Hydrocephalus?

Pediatric hydrocephalus occurs when the brain's normal circulation and drainage of CSF is disrupted. The excess fluid leads to increased pressure that can damage brain tissue and impair function. Normally, a child’s brain makes 5-15 cc ( 1- 3 teaspoons) of fluid every hour. This fluid circulates around the brain and is absorbed at the same rate.

Types of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Communicating Hydrocephalus: Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the brain is making fluid, and it circulates, but is not being absorbed well. Sometimes this occurs in the setting of macrocephaly ( a large head size). Babies with macrocephaly are often referred to a pediatric neurosurgeon. These infants will usually be sent for an ultrasound of the brain. The ultrasound may show that the CSF spaces are enlarged. Most infants outgrow this condition, that is called Benign Enlargement of the Subarachnoid Spaces (BESS) or Benign External Hydrocephalus (BEH).Infants with BESS or BEH are usually followed until age three years. Occasionally though, the communicating hydrocephalus does not resolve. In rare cases, these children require a ventriculoperitoneal shunt if they developed hydrocephalus with progressively enlarging ventricles. Obstructive Hydrocephalus: This occurs when a blockage prevents the flow or circulation of CSF through the brain’s ventricles. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): More common in older individuals but sometimes seen in children, this condition results from impaired CSF absorption, leading to symptoms despite “normal” pressure levels. Accurate diagnosis is critical in determining the most effective treatment strategy for your child.

Advanced Treatment Options for Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Shunt System

The ventriculoperitoneal shunt system is one of the most widely used treatments for hydrocephalus. It involves surgically placing a small tube in the brain to redirect excess CSF to another part of the body, such as the abdominal cavity, where it can be absorbed. Key Features: Includes a valve to regulate CSF flow and pressure. Can be adjusted for long-term use, making it a reliable option for children. Effectiveness: Shunts are a proven solution for managing hydrocephalus over the long term.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)

ETV is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small camera (endoscope) is used to create a bypass in the brain’s ventricles, allowing CSF to flow freely. Benefits: Often used for obstructive hydrocephalus. Avoids the need for lifelong shunt management in some cases. Considerations: Not always a permanent solution; success depends on the individual case.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Cauterization (ETV/CPC)

This advanced technique combines the benefits of ETV with the reduction of CSF production by cauterizing the choroid plexus. Advantages: Particularly effective for infants and young children. Reduces the likelihood of future complications by addressing both fluid flow and production. Considerations: Requires thorough evaluation by a pediatric neurosurgeon to ensure suitability.

Managing Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)

While NPH typically affects older individuals, the treatment parallels pediatric hydrocephalus in many ways, especially through the use of shunts. Symptoms of NPH: Gait disturbances Cognitive decline Urinary incontinence Treatment: A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is commonly used to manage NPH, alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life.
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What Percentage Of The Brain Is Water?
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The human brain is approximately 80% water! 🧠🌊
Stay tuned for more brain-tickling trivia every week! #TriviaTuesday #BrainFacts #MindBlown #NeuroTrivia #StayCurious #FunFacts #BrainPower
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Breathing = Brain Health!
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Your Brain Is Like A Fingerprint
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Happy Fun Fact Friday! Today's reminder is a powerful one: Your brain is a masterpiece, entirely unique and extraordinary! Just like a fingerprint, no one else on this planet has a brain quite like yours, and that's something to celebrate! 🎉
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Epilepsy Myths
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Let's debunk these myths and create a more informed and compassionate world for people living with epilepsy! Together, we can raise awareness and break down barriers. #EpilepsyMythsBusted #AwarenessMatters #EndTheStigma #InclusiveCommunity #EducateAndEmpower
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Soak In The Sunshine
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☀️ Soak in the Sunshine Vitamin! 🧠 Boost your brain health with Vitamin D. Head outdoors, bask in sunlight, and let your body synthesize this essential nutrient. A quick nature walk uplifts mood, reduces stress, and supports a healthier mind. Embrace the benefits of the sunshine for a brighter you! 😊#WellnessWednesday #BrainHealth #SunshineVitamin #NatureWalk #HealthyMind #SelfCare
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NOTICE: This website is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice or as a substitute for a patient/physician relationship.

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NJPNI does not exclude, deny benefits to, or otherwise discriminate against any person on the grounds of race, color, or national origin, or on the basis of disability or age in admission to, participation in, or receipt of the services and benefits of any of its programs and activities or in employment therein. This statement is in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Regulations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued pursuant to the Acts, Title 45 Code of Federal Regulations part 80, 84, and 91.

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