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What Is the Difference Between a Seizure and Epilepsy?
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Understanding the difference between a seizure and epilepsy is critical for parents. While the terms are often confused, they refer to different medical realities.
  • A seizure is a single episode of abnormal brain activity.
  • Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder involving two or more unprovoked seizures.
Let’s explore the definitions, causes, types, treatments, and key differences to help you better support your child’s health.

What Is a Seizure in Children?

A seizure is a sudden, temporary disruption of electrical signals in the brain. In children, seizures may cause:
  • Jerking movements
  • Staring spells
  • Confusion or loss of consciousness
Think of it as a short circuit in the brain. A single seizure does not always mean your child has epilepsy. Causes-of-Seizures-in-Newborns

Common Causes of Seizures in Children

Seizures can be triggered by:
  • High fever (febrile seizures)
  • Head trauma
  • Brain infections (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis)
  • Low blood sugar or electrolyte imbalance
  • Sleep deprivation or extreme stress
  • Medication side effects or withdrawal
A one-time seizure often has an identifiable, treatable cause. Read More Blog: Top 6 Common Pediatric Neurological Conditions

Types of Seizures in Children

Seizures are categorized into two main types:

1. Focal (Partial) Seizures

These begin in a specific area of the brain. Types of Focal Seizures:
  • Focal Aware Seizures (Simple Partial):
    • Child remains aware
    • May involve muscle twitching or unusual sensations
  • Focal Impaired Awareness Seizures (Complex Partial):
    • Child may appear confused or unresponsive
    • May involve repetitive actions like lip-smacking or hand-rubbing

2. Generalized Seizures

These involve both sides of the brain:
  • Absence Seizures: Sudden staring spells
  • Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Full-body convulsions

What Is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder where a child has two or more unprovoked seizures not linked to a temporary cause. It’s a condition that requires long-term monitoring and treatment.

Causes of Epilepsy in Children

Epilepsy may result from:
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Birth complications or brain injury
  • Developmental disorders (e.g., autism)
  • Neurological infections
  • Brain tumors or stroke
In many cases, the exact cause remains unknown. Cause of pediatric epilepsy

Seizure vs. Epilepsy: Key Differences

Factor Seizure Epilepsy
Definition One-time brain activity disruption Chronic condition with recurring seizures
Cause Often triggered by fever, trauma, or stress Often due to underlying brain abnormalities
Frequency Single or isolated incident Two or more unprovoked seizures
Treatment Treat underlying cause Ongoing treatment with medication or devices
Diagnosis May not need further treatment Requires neurological evaluation and long-term care

How Are Seizures and Epilepsy Diagnosed?

To differentiate between a seizure and epilepsy, doctors use:
  • EEG (Electroencephalogram) – Detects abnormal brain waves
  • MRI or CT scan – Checks for structural issues
  • Blood tests – Identifies infections or imbalances
A child is typically diagnosed with epilepsy after two unprovoked seizures at least 24 hours apart. Treatment Approaches

Seizure Treatment

  • Address the root cause (e.g., infection, fever, low blood sugar)
  • May not require long-term medication

Epilepsy Treatment

  • Anti-seizure medications
  • Ketogenic diet (high-fat, low-carb)
  • Vagus nerve stimulation
  • Surgical options (in complex cases)
  • Responsive neurostimulation
Every child responds differently—personalized treatment is essential.

When Should Parents Seek Medical Help?

  • After a first seizure
    • If it lasts over 5 minutes
    • If your child doesn’t regain consciousness
  • If diagnosed with epilepsy
    • Follow up regularly with a pediatric neurologist
    • Monitor for medication side effects or seizure triggers

Summary

Topic Key Takeaway
Seizure Single, possibly triggered brain event
Epilepsy Chronic condition with multiple unprovoked seizures
Diagnosis EEG, MRI, blood work
Treatment Varies based on cause and condition
Action Seek medical help after any seizure
Understanding the difference empowers parents to respond confidently and get the best care for their child.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What’s the difference between epilepsy and a seizure?

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder involving multiple seizures, while a seizure may happen once and not recur. Epilepsy diagnosis usually requires two or more unprovoked seizures.

Can a child have a seizure and not have epilepsy?

Yes. Many children experience seizures due to fever, infection, or head trauma and may never have another one.

How is epilepsy diagnosed?

Doctors look for a pattern of unprovoked seizures, supported by EEG, brain scans, and clinical history.

Can ear infections cause seizures?

Yes. Ear infections can cause high fevers, leading to febrile seizures, which are typically not linked to epilepsy.

Is epilepsy lifelong?

Not always. Some children outgrow epilepsy, especially with early diagnosis and proper treatment.
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Symptoms of Functional Neurological Disorder in Kids
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Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is a challenging and often misunderstood condition that affects the nervous system. It presents with a range of symptoms that disrupt normal functioning but are not caused by identifiable structural abnormalities in the brain or nervous system. This comprehensive blog aims to explore what FND is, its symptoms, risk factors, causes, and when to seek medical help, offering a deeper understanding of this complex disorder.

What is Functional Neurological Disorder?symptoms of functional neurological disorder

Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) features neurological symptoms that defy traditional tests or imaging. Unlike conditions with identifiable structural issues, FND results from disruptions in how the brain and nervous system process information. Pediatric Movement Disorders can present similarly in kids, making understanding these conditions vital for effective diagnosis and treatment. Key characteristics of FND include:
  1. Symptom Variation: Symptoms of FND can vary widely among individuals and may include motor disturbances, sensory abnormalities, and non-epileptic seizures. These symptoms can mimic those of other neurological disorders but do not align with any identifiable disease patterns.
  2. Functional Impact: The symptoms can have a significant impact on an individual's daily life, affecting their ability to perform routine activities and interact socially. This impact is real and can be profound, even though the symptoms may not have a clear organic cause.
  3. Diagnostic Challenge: Diagnosing FND can be challenging because it requires ruling out other neurological and medical conditions. It often involves a detailed clinical evaluation, including a thorough medical history and symptom assessment, to determine if the symptoms fit the criteria for FND.
Read More: How to Recognize Pediatric Movement Disorders in Your Child

Symptoms of Functional Neurological Disorder in Kids

Functional Neurological Disorder can present differently in kids compared to adults. While the core features are similar, kids may exhibit unique symptoms and patterns of behavior:
  1. Motor Symptoms: In kids, motor symptoms of FND can include abnormal movements, such as jerky or tremulous actions, or motor weakness in one or more limbs. Gait abnormalities, such as difficulty walking or an unusual walking pattern, are also common.
  2. Sensory Symptoms: Sensory symptoms in kids may involve unusual sensations, such as numbness or tingling, or a loss of sensation in specific body parts. Kids might also experience unusual or exaggerated responses to stimuli.
  3. Non-Epileptic Seizures: These are episodes that resemble seizures but do not originate from electrical disturbances in the brain. In kids, these can include episodes of loss of consciousness, convulsions, or muscle spasms that do not correspond to epileptic activity.
  4. Speech and Communication Issues: Kids with FND might have difficulties with speech production, such as slurred speech or trouble articulating words clearly. These issues can impact their ability to communicate effectively.
  5. Behavioral and Emotional Changes: Kids with FND may experience significant emotional and behavioral changes, including increased anxiety, depression, or changes in behavior. These psychological factors can both contribute to and result from the disorder.

Risk Factors of Functional Neurological Disorder

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing Functional Neurological Disorder, including psychological, biological, and environmental elements. Psychological stress, pre-existing mental health conditions, genetic predispositions, chronic illness, and past neurological issues may contribute. Consulting a neurological specialist doctor can provide valuable insights and support in managing these risk factors effectively.
  1. Psychological Stress: High levels of stress, trauma, or significant life changes can trigger or exacerbate FND symptoms. Stressful events or ongoing emotional difficulties can contribute to the development of functional symptoms.
  2. Pre-existing Psychological Conditions: Individuals with a history of anxiety disorders, depression, or other psychological conditions are at a higher risk of developing FND. The interplay between these conditions and functional symptoms can complicate diagnosis and treatment.
  3. Family History: There may be a genetic predisposition to functional disorders, though research in this area is still ongoing. A family history of similar conditions could increase the risk of FND.
  4. Chronic Physical Illness: Chronic illnesses or ongoing physical health issues can contribute to the development of FND. The stress and coping mechanisms related to managing a chronic illness may play a role in symptom manifestation.
  5. Previous Neurological Symptoms: Individuals who have experienced other neurological symptoms or conditions that do not fit conventional diagnostic criteria may be at increased risk for FND.

What Causes Functional Neurological Disorder?

The precise causes of Functional Neurological Disorder remain complex and are not fully understood. However, several theories and factors have been proposed:
  1. Disruption in Brain Function: FND is believed to arise from disruptions in how the brain processes and integrates sensory and motor information. This dysfunction can lead to symptoms that affect movement, sensation, and other neurological functions.
  2. Psychological and Emotional Factors: Psychological stress, trauma, and emotional distress are commonly associated with FND. These factors can influence brain function and contribute to the development and persistence of functional symptoms.
  3. Neurobiological Factors: There is evidence suggesting that changes in brain activity or connectivity might be involved in FND. However, these changes are often subtle and not easily detectable with standard imaging techniques.
  4. Behavioral and Environmental Influences: The way individuals respond to stress, cope with emotional challenges, and their overall environment can impact the development and management of FND symptoms.
  5. Complex Interactions: FND often results from a combination of these factors, rather than a single cause. The interaction between psychological, biological, and environmental influences can contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder.

When to Seek a Doctor?

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms that may be indicative of Functional Neurological Disorder, it is essential to seek medical attention. Consider consulting a healthcare professional if:
  1. Unexplained Neurological Symptoms: Symptoms such as abnormal movements, sensory changes, or non-epileptic seizures that cannot be explained by other medical conditions should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
  2. Persistent Symptoms: If symptoms persist over time and do not improve, or if they interfere with daily activities and quality of life, it is crucial to seek medical advice.
  3. Significant Emotional or Psychological Distress: If there is notable emotional or psychological distress associated with the symptoms, consulting a mental health professional is important for addressing both the functional and psychological aspects of the disorder.
  4. Impact on Daily Life: When symptoms significantly impact the ability to perform routine tasks, interact with others, or maintain overall well-being, medical evaluation and intervention are necessary.

Why Does Functional Neurological Disorder Happen?

Functional Neurological Disorder occurs due to a complex interplay of factors affecting brain function and processing. While the precise mechanisms are not fully understood, it is generally believed that a combination of psychological stressors, neurobiological changes, and behavioral influences contribute to the development of FND. Understanding that FND is multifactorial helps in addressing the disorder from a comprehensive perspective, incorporating both psychological and physiological approaches to treatment.

Conclusion

Functional Neurological Disorder is a complex condition with neurological symptoms but no identifiable structural abnormalities. Recognizing symptoms, understanding risk factors, and seeking medical care are crucial for effective management. Consulting healthcare professionals, such as those at the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute, can lead to a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment, improving quality of life. Addressing FND with psychological support and neurological assessment is key to comprehensive management and recovery.
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Top 6 Common Pediatric Neurological Conditions
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The neurological health of children is crucial for their overall development. Pediatric neurological conditions affect the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, leading to various challenges in a child’s movement, behavior, cognition, and communication. Early diagnosis and intervention can make a significant difference in managing these conditions. In this blog, we will explore some of the common pediatric neurological conditions, their symptoms, and the available treatment options. Must Read: What do you mean by Pediatric Neurosurgery?

Common Pediatric Neurological Conditions

Common Pediatric Neurological Conditions 1. Epilepsy Epilepsy is one of the most well-known pediatric neurological disorders, affecting nearly 1% of children worldwide. It is characterized by recurrent seizures, which are abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. Seizures can manifest in many forms, from staring spells and muscle stiffness to convulsions. The condition can be caused by genetic factors, head injuries, or infections like meningitis. Treatment: While epilepsy is a lifelong condition, medications like antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) help manage seizures in most children. In severe cases, surgery or a ketogenic diet may be recommended. 2. Cerebral Palsy (CP) Cerebral Palsy is a group of disorders that affect a child’s ability to move and maintain balance. It is caused by brain damage during pregnancy, birth, or shortly after birth. Symptoms of CP vary but often include problems with muscle control, stiffness, or floppy limbs, and difficulty with coordination. Types of CP: Spastic, Dyskinetic, and Ataxic. Treatment: Although there is no cure for CP, physical therapy, occupational therapy, medications, and in some cases, surgery can help children manage symptoms and improve mobility. 3. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. Children with ASD may show repetitive behaviors, have trouble understanding social cues, or have delayed speech and language skills. The severity of the condition can vary, with some children requiring significant support while others lead relatively independent lives. Treatment: Early intervention programs, speech therapy, and behavioral therapy (such as Applied Behavior Analysis) can be highly effective in improving communication and social skills in children with ASD. 4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children’s ability to focus and control their impulses. Children with ADHD may struggle with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. These symptoms can affect their academic performance and social interactions. Treatment: Behavioral therapy, counseling, and medication (like stimulants) are commonly used to manage ADHD. Creating structured routines and offering positive reinforcement can also help improve focus and behavior. 5. Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus, also known as "water on the brain," occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain’s ventricles, causing increased pressure. This condition can result from birth defects, infections, or trauma. Common symptoms include a rapidly growing head, irritability, and vomiting. Treatment: The primary treatment for hydrocephalus is the surgical placement of a shunt, which helps drain the excess fluid to another part of the body. 6. Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Muscular Dystrophy refers to a group of genetic conditions that cause progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common type affecting children. Symptoms usually start in early childhood and may include difficulty walking, frequent falls, and delayed growth. Treatment: While there is no cure for MD, physical therapy, corticosteroids, and assistive devices can help improve the quality of life. Research on gene therapy is ongoing, providing hope for future treatment options.

Symptoms to Look Out For

Early detection of pediatric neurological conditions can improve outcomes. Parents should be aware of the following symptoms:
  • Developmental delays: Difficulty reaching milestones like walking or talking
  • Seizures or staring spells: Sudden, brief periods of confusion or unresponsiveness
  • Unusual movements: Tremors, involuntary movements, or stiff muscles
  • Frequent headaches or vomiting: Especially if paired with other neurological signs
  • Behavioral changes: Extreme mood swings, loss of focus, or trouble interacting with others
If any of these signs appear, consult a pediatric neurologist for a thorough evaluation.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Pediatric neurologists use a variety of diagnostic tools to identify neurological conditions. These may include:
  • EEG (Electroencephalogram): To monitor electrical activity in the brain, often used in diagnosing epilepsy.
  • MRI or CT scans: Imaging tests to detect brain abnormalities or tumors.
  • Genetic tests: To identify inherited neurological disorders like Muscular Dystrophy.
Treatment varies depending on the condition but may include:
  • Medications: For managing symptoms (e.g., seizures, hyperactivity)
  • Therapies: Speech, occupational, and physical therapies to improve function
  • Surgery: In some cases, such as with hydrocephalus or epilepsy, surgery may be needed.

Importance of Early Intervention

Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in a child’s development and quality of life. For many neurological conditions, starting treatment early can help children improve their motor, cognitive, and social skills, giving them the best chance at leading a healthy, independent life. Parents and caregivers should work closely with healthcare providers, therapists, and educators to ensure that children receive comprehensive care and support. Additionally, support groups and resources are available to guide families through the challenges of managing these conditions.

Conclusion

Understanding common pediatric neurological conditions can empower parents and caregivers to seek help early, leading to better outcomes for children. From epilepsy to autism spectrum disorder, timely intervention is key to managing symptoms and improving quality of life. If your child shows any signs of neurological issues, don’t hesitate to seek a professional neurological evaluation.
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Comparison Between Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Palsy
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Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy are two serious medical conditions that can have significant effects on the brain and body, particularly in newborns and young children. While these conditions can occur independently, there are situations where hydrocephalus may contribute to the development of cerebral palsy. Understanding the relationship between these conditions is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. In this blog, we will explore the connection between hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy, how they develop . Whether you are a parent, caregiver, or someone seeking more knowledge on this subject, this blog will help you understand how these conditions are linked. Must Read: How to Cope With a Child’s Diagnosis of Pediatric Hydrocephalus?

What is Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the brain’s ventricles, leading to increased pressure on brain tissues. CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing essential nutrients, protecting the brain from injury, and removing waste products. When too much CSF builds up, it enlarges the brain’s ventricles and increases pressure inside the head. If left untreated, this pressure can cause brain damage, developmental delays, or in severe cases, death. Hydrocephalus can occur at any age, but it is most often seen in infants and young children.

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, and posture, caused by damage to the developing brain. CP is often a result of brain injuries that occur before, during, or shortly after birth. It is a lifelong condition with no cure, though various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The severity of cerebral palsy varies widely; some individuals may experience mild movement difficulties, while others may have more severe physical impairments requiring assistance for daily activities.

The Link Between Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Palsy

While hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy are separate conditions, they can be linked in certain cases. Hydrocephalus can either be a cause or a secondary result of cerebral palsy.
  1. Hydrocephalus as a Cause of Cerebral Palsy: When hydrocephalus occurs in utero (prenatal hydrocephalus), the pressure from the excess fluid can damage the developing brain, potentially leading to cerebral palsy. For example, if hydrocephalus causes damage to areas of the brain responsible for movement and muscle control, the child may be diagnosed with CP.
  2. Hydrocephalus as a Secondary Condition: In some cases, cerebral palsy itself can lead to the development of hydrocephalus. Brain injuries associated with CP, such as trauma or infection, can interfere with the proper flow and absorption of CSF, leading to hydrocephalus.

Causes of Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Palsy

Both hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy share several risk factors and causes, including:
  • Premature Birth: Premature babies are at a higher risk of brain injuries that can lead to both hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy.
  • Infections: Infections in the mother during pregnancy (e.g., rubella, cytomegalovirus) or infections in newborns can increase the risk of both conditions.
  • Trauma During Birth: Difficult deliveries, head injuries, or complications during labor can damage the brain, leading to either or both conditions.
  • Bleeding in the Brain: Intraventricular hemorrhages (bleeding within the brain’s ventricles) in newborns can lead to hydrocephalus and also increase the risk of cerebral palsy.

Preventing Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Palsy

While it’s not always possible to prevent these conditions, taking steps such as ensuring proper prenatal care, avoiding infections, and closely monitoring infants at risk can reduce the likelihood of developing hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy.

Conclusion

Hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy are both challenging conditions, but early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for affected children. By understanding the relationship between these conditions, knowing the symptoms to watch for, and seeking timely medical intervention from professional neurosurgeons, parents and caregivers can help children lead active, fulfilling lives.
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10 Major Symptoms of Pediatric Concussion
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Medically Reviewed by: Tatiana Sikorskyj, APN, RNFA Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Updated On: 31 Aug 2024

What is Pediatric Concussion?

Pediatric concussions are a prevalent yet serious form of traumatic brain injury, resulting from the brain being forcefully shaken or jolted within the skull. Recognizing the symptoms of pediatric concussion is crucial, as this injury can lead to a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges that may persist for days, weeks, or even longer. Although most pediatric concussions resolve without lasting consequences, early identification and appropriate care are essential to ensure your child's full recovery.

10 Major Symptoms of Pediatric Concussion

  1. Headache: The most common symptom of Pediatric concussion is a headache that does not go away. It can range from mild to severe, and it can worsen with physical activity.
  2. Dizziness/Balance Problems: Your child may feel dizzy or off-balance and have trouble walking or standing.
  3. Vision Problems: Your child may have blurred vision, double vision, or sensitivity to light.
  4. Memory Problems: Your child may have difficulty remembering things or have trouble concentrating.
  5. Fatigue: Your child may feel tired or have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
  6. Irritability: Your child may become easily frustrated or angry.
  7. Sensory Problems: Your child may experience sensitivity to sound and light or have ringing in the ears.
  8. Nausea/Vomiting: Your child may feel nauseous or vomit.
  9. Cognitive Problems: Your child may have difficulty with thinking and processing information.
  10. Emotional Changes: Your child may become tearful or experience mood swings.

Get the Care and Treatment Your Child Needs

If you notice any Symptoms of Pediatric Concussion in your child, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. At the New Jersey Concussion Center in Morristown, our team of experienced concussion specialists is dedicated to providing expert care and tailored treatment plans to aid in your child’s recovery. Early intervention can make a significant difference, so don’t hesitate to reach out. Contact us today to schedule an appointment and ensure your child receives the best possible care.
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How to Cope With a Child’s Diagnosis of Pediatric Hydrocephalus?
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Medically Reviewed by: Tatiana Sikorskyj, APN, RNFA Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Updated On: 31 Aug 2024
Pediatric Hydrocephalus is a serious condition that affects thousands of children every year. It is a medical condition that causes excessive fluid accumulation in the brain's ventricles, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure. The condition requires timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications. The pediatric hydrocephalus nursing diagnosis plays a crucial role in developing an effective care plan tailored to the child's specific needs. The diagnosis of Pediatric Hydrocephalus can be overwhelming for parents, and coping with it can be challenging. This article aims to provide some tips for parents on how to cope with their child's diagnosis of Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Read more: Hydrocephalus in Pregnancy | Diagnosis, Causes & Treatment

Understanding Pediatric Hydrocephalus Nursing Diagnosis

Pediatric Hydrocephalus is a condition that requires immediate attention and treatment. It is important for parents to understand the condition and its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Consultation with a medical professional who specializes in treating Pediatric Hydrocephalus is crucial. Parents should ask as many questions as possible to understand the condition and its treatment.

Seek Support from Other Parents and Support Groups

Connecting with other parents who have children with Pediatric Hydrocephalus can be a great source of support. They can share their experiences and offer tips on how to cope with the condition. Online support groups or local support groups can be a great way to connect with other parents.

Create a Care Team

Pediatric Hydrocephalus requires ongoing medical care, and parents should create a care team to manage their child's condition. A care team can include doctors, nurses, therapists, and other medical professionals. A care team can provide ongoing support, and treatment, and monitor the child's progress.

Educate Family Members and Caregivers

It is essential to educate family members and caregivers about Pediatric Hydrocephalus, its symptoms, and how to care for the child. Parents should share information about the condition with close family members, friends, and caregivers, and ensure they understand the child's medical needs.

Be an Advocate for Your Child

Parents must be their child's advocates and ensure they receive the best possible care. This means advocating for their child's medical needs and communicating with the child's medical team regularly. It is essential to be proactive and ask questions, raise concerns, and seek clarification about the child's treatment plan.

Stay Positive with Your Child

Coping with a child's diagnosis of Pediatric Hydrocephalus can be stressful and overwhelming. It is essential to maintain a positive attitude and remain optimistic. Focus on the child's progress, celebrate their achievements, and seek support when necessary.

Expert Care for Pediatric Hydrocephalus at New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute

Pediatric Hydrocephalus can be a challenging condition for parents and children to cope with. However, with the right support, care, and treatment, children with Pediatric Hydrocephalus can lead fulfilling lives. It is crucial for parents to understand the condition and educate themselves, family members, and caregivers. They should create a care team to manage the child's condition, connect with support groups, and stay positive. By following these tips, parents can cope with their child's diagnosis of Pediatric Hydrocephalus and help their child lead a fulfilling life. At New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute, we’re dedicated to helping families navigate the challenges of pediatric hydrocephalus and providing the highest quality care for children with this condition. If you have any questions or concerns, please don’t hesitate to reach out to our team of experts. https://youtu.be/ZSoiguHXITM?si=zSgLWFHTkOFHrOtS  
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At What Age Does Epilepsy Usually Start? Is Epilepsy Curable in Children?
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Medically Reviewed by: Heather Weiner, PNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Updated On: 30 Aug 2024
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that can affect people of all ages, including children. It is estimated that 1 in 100 children in the United States has epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological conditions in childhood. But at what age does epilepsy usually start? Epilepsy can begin at any age, but it often manifests in early childhood or during adolescence. Recognizing the symptoms early is crucial, as timely and appropriate care can significantly improve a child's quality of life. For parents and caregivers, a pressing concern is, "Is epilepsy curable in children?" While epilepsy is not always curable, many children can manage their condition effectively with proper treatment, and some may even outgrow it as they get older. Early diagnosis and intervention play a key role in providing children with the best chance of living a normal, fulfilling life despite their condition. Also Read: 10 Valuable Tips for Parents Living with Pediatric Epilepsy

At What Age Does Epilepsy Usually Start in Children?

Epilepsy can begin at any age, but it is more common in children between the ages of 5 and 8. It is estimated that about 8 out of 10 cases of pediatric epilepsy begin before the age of 10. The most common types of epilepsy in children are generalized epilepsy, which affects both sides of the brain, and focal epilepsy, which affects one side of the brain. Other factors, such as a family history of epilepsy, a history of head trauma, or a genetic disorder, can also contribute to the development of pediatric epilepsy.

Is Epilepsy Curable in Children?

Epilepsy is considered a chronic condition, so it is not necessarily curable. However, there are a variety of treatments available that can help control and manage the symptoms of epilepsy. These treatments include medications, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgery. It is important to work closely with a pediatric epilepsy specialist to create a personalized treatment plan that is tailored to the individual needs of the child. With proper treatment, most children with epilepsy can lead active, normal lives.

Pediatric Epilepsy Care for Childrens

Pediatric epilepsy care involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes a pediatric neurologist, a psychologist, a social worker, and other healthcare professionals. The goal of this approach is to ensure that the child receives comprehensive and individualized care from a variety of perspectives. Regular monitoring and follow-up care, such as EEGs and MRIs, are also important to ensure the continued effectiveness of the treatment plan. Additionally, making lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding certain triggers, like lack of sleep or skipped meals, can help manage epilepsy in children.

Best Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in New Jersey

In some cases, surgery may be considered as a treatment option for pediatric epilepsy. This is typically reserved for patients with severe, drug-resistant epilepsy that is causing significant disruption to the child's life. Surgery is most often used to remove the part of the brain that is responsible for causing the seizures. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of epilepsy surgery with a pediatric neurologist before making any decisions.

Conclusion

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that can affect children of any age, making it crucial to recognize the symptoms early and seek appropriate care. At the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute, our team of specialists is committed to helping children and families manage epilepsy effectively. While epilepsy is not curable in children, there are various treatment options available, including medications, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgery. These treatments can significantly improve a child's quality of life, allowing them to lead active and healthy lives. If you suspect your child may have epilepsy, it is essential to consult with the specialists at the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute. Our team will work closely with you to develop an individualized treatment plan tailored to your child's specific needs. With the right care and support, children with epilepsy can thrive despite the challenges posed by the condition. https://youtu.be/N3h9ggeZvlU?si=TURMPR32xd4glfy8
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What do you mean by Pediatric Neurosurgery?
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Medically Reviewed by: Catherine A. Mazzola, MD, FAANS Pediatric Neurosurgeon
Updated On: 30 Aug 2024
Pediatric neurosurgery is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological disorders in children. It requires a high level of expertise and experience to handle delicate procedures involving the brain, spine, and nervous system of young patients. In this article, we will explore what is pediatric neurosurgery, the importance of pediatric neurosurgery and shed light on the role of pediatric neurosurgeons. If you're in New Jersey and seeking the best care for your child, the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute is a reputable center worth considering.

The Importance of Pediatric Neurosurgery

what is pediatric neurosurgery Children's brains, spinal cords and nervous system are still developing, making them more vulnerable to neurological conditions and injuries. Pediatric neurosurgery plays a crucial role in identifying and treating these conditions to ensure the healthy growth and development of young patients. Neurosurgical procedures for children can address a wide range of conditions, including congenital abnormalities, brain tumors, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, spinal cord disorders, and traumatic brain injuries. Without appropriate medical intervention, these conditions can significantly impact a child's cognitive, motor, and overall neurological functioning. Pediatric neurosurgeons work closely with a multidisciplinary team to provide comprehensive and specialized care tailored to each child's unique needs. We aim to optimize outcomes for each and every patient.

What Do Neurosurgeons Do?

Pediatric neurosurgeons are medical professionals who have completed extensive training in both neurosurgery and pediatric neurosurgery. They possess a deep understanding of the intricacies of the developing brain and nervous system, enabling them to provide specialized care for children. These highly skilled specialists perform various surgical procedures to diagnose, treat, and manage neurological conditions in children. Some common procedures include brain tumor removal, shunt placement for hydrocephalus, epilepsy surgery, spinal cord surgery, and craniofacial surgery. In addition to surgery, pediatric neurosurgeons also play a crucial role in the ongoing management of neurological conditions. They work closely with other healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, neurologists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists, to develop comprehensive treatment plans that optimize a child's long-term neurological health. At NJPNI we have a taem approach and provide the best pediatric specialists to help your child achieve their goals. Checkout our blog - The Role of a Pediatric Neurology Doctor in Comprehensive Pediatric Neurosurgery Care

Visit a Doctor Today

When it comes to your child's neurological health, seeking expert medical care is of utmost importance. If you're in New Jersey and looking for a reputable center specializing in pediatric neurosurgery, the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute is an excellent choice. The New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute is renowned for its team of highly skilled and experienced pediatric neurosurgeons. They are dedicated to providing the highest quality of care and utilizing the latest advancements in pediatric neurosurgery. The institute offers a comprehensive range of diagnostic, surgical, and rehabilitative services, ensuring that your child receives the best possible care.

Conclusion

Pediatric neurosurgery is a critical medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing neurological conditions in children. Pediatric neurosurgeons play a pivotal role in ensuring the optimal neurological health and development of young patients. If you're in New Jersey and seeking the expertise of a pediatric neurosurgeon, the New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute offers top-notch care and comprehensive services. Don't hesitate to visit a doctor today and prioritize your child's neurological well-being. Services related to Pediatric Neurosurgery: Pediatric Neurosurgery Specialties Pediatric Neurosurgery in New Jersey Pediatric Nutritionist in New Jersey Child Psychology Services
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Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Can It Help Patients?
NJPNI
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Medically Reviewed by: Catherine A. Mazzola, MD, FAANS Pediatric Neurosurgeon
Updated On: 30 Aug 2024
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can have a significant impact on a person's life, leading to persistent symptoms and challenges. Fortunately, therapy therapy for tbi patients recover and regain their quality of life. In this article, we will explore the benefits of therapy for traumatic brain injury patients, discuss the importance of multidisciplinary therapy programs, and provide tips on maximizing recovery at home. There are very specific recommendations for imaging of the brain after trauma. The American College of Radiology published them here: https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/3083021/Narrative/ Dr. Catherine Mazzola was proud to contribute as a co-author.

Traumatic Brain Injuries Cause Persistent Symptoms

therapy for tbi patients When someone sustains a traumatic brain injury, they may experience a wide range of symptoms that can persist long after the initial injury. These symptoms can include headaches, dizziness, cognitive difficulties, memory problems, emotional changes, and more. Therapy can address these symptoms and help individuals manage their daily challenges.

How Much Therapy Do You Need? 

The duration and intensity of therapy for traumatic brain injury patients can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's specific needs. It is crucial to consult with a concussion specialist or visit a reputable concussion center, such as the New Jersey Concussion Center, to determine the most appropriate therapy plan for each patient. These specialists have the expertise to assess the extent of the injury and recommend the right therapy approach.

Multidisciplinary Therapy Programs Get the Best Results

To maximize the recovery process, multidisciplinary therapy programs are often recommended for traumatic brain injury patients. These programs involve a team of healthcare professionals, including neurologists, psychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and physical therapists. Each specialist addresses different aspects of the patient's recovery, providing a comprehensive and holistic approach to treatment.

How to Maximize Recovery at Home

While therapy sessions with professionals are essential, there are also ways to enhance recovery at home. Here are some tips:
  1. Follow a structured routine: Establishing a consistent daily routine can help individuals with traumatic brain injuries manage their activities and promote healing.
  2. Create a supportive environment: Make sure the living space is safe, organized, and free from distractions that may hinder recovery. Minimize noise and clutter to reduce sensory overload.
  3. Encourage healthy habits: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep can contribute to overall well-being and aid in the recovery process.
  4. Engage in cognitive exercises: Encourage brain-stimulating activities, such as puzzles, reading, or playing musical instruments, to improve cognitive function.
  5. Seek social support: Encourage the individual to connect with friends, family, or support groups who can provide emotional support and understanding throughout the recovery journey.
Therapy plays a vital role in helping traumatic brain injury patients recover from their injuries and regain their independence. Whether through professional therapy sessions or implementing strategies at home, individuals with TBIs can improve their symptoms and quality of life. If you or someone you know has experienced a traumatic brain injury, consider consulting a concussion specialist at the New Jersey Concussion Center or a reputable concussion center near you to explore the therapy options available for optimal recovery. Remember, each person's recovery journey is unique, and it's important to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a tailored therapy plan that addresses individual needs and goals.
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Pediatric Hydrocephalus Surgery: Exploring Treatment Options
NJPNI
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Medically Reviewed by: John Collins, MD, FAANS Senior Pediatric Neurosurgeon
Updated On: 30 Aug 2024
Hydrocephalus is a condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent potential cognitive and health complications in infants and young children. This blog post delves into the planning process for pediatric hydrocephalus treatment, the different surgical options available, and how the treatment choice depends on each patient's unique case.

Detecting and Diagnosing Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Detecting hydrocephalus during pregnancy allows for effective planning in delivering the baby and initiating treatment soon after birth. For cases that arise after birth, pediatricians utilize modern diagnostic tools such as MRI scanners, which provide accurate imaging without radiation and often without sedation, ensuring a safe diagnosis process. Checkout our blog - Hydrocephalus in Pregnancy

Exploring Surgical Options

  • Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV): The latest advancement in hydrocephalus treatment, ETV offers a minimally invasive approach that provides several benefits for patients. Unlike traditional therapies, ETV does not require the placement of foreign objects in the brain, reducing the risks and discomfort associated with long-term shunting. By creating a small opening in a ventricle using a tiny surgical camera, ETV restores the natural flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), restoring balance and relieving pressure on the brain tissue. The entire surgery typically lasts around an hour and is performed under general anesthesia.
  • Shunt Placement: In some cases, a traditional hydrocephalus treatment method involving a shunt may be recommended. This approach involves inserting synthetic tubing to facilitate the drainage of excess CSF from the ventricular system to the abdomen. A valve within the shunt system regulates the flow of CSF.  Newer programmable valves allow medical professionals to magnetically adjust the valve’s setting as needed to optimize that excess CSFoutflow. When the excess CSF flows  into the abdomen, that body cavity absorbs the CSF, alleviating pressure on the brain and promoting normal head growth.

Conclusion

Pediatric hydrocephalus treatment has made significant progress, offering practical solutions for ensuring a brighter future for affected children. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans contribute to positive outcomes. If you have concerns about your child's health or suspect hydrocephalus, it is crucial to consult a qualified medical professional specializing in pediatric neurosurgery. In New Jersey, the Pediatric Neuroscience Institute stands as a leading institution dedicated to providing comprehensive care for children with neurological conditions, including hydrocephalus. With their expertise and state-of-the-art facilities, they can guide you through the treatment process and support your child's journey toward a healthier and more independent life.
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